The New State

A parallel between the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and the defeat of the Spanish Armada

On the morning of September 6, 1965, the people of Pakistan (including the present-day Bangladesh) learnt that their country was under attack because the Indian forces had crossed the international boundary near Lahore. For the next seventeen days, the media kept informing the nation that heavy losses were being inflicted on the enemy. When the

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Iqbal, Mary Parker Follett and C. R. Das

In sync with the current of Iqbal’s thought was also the idea of ‘new democracy’, highlighted by such political thinkers as the American pioneer of management sciences, Mary Parker Follett and the great Bengali visionary Chittaranjan Das (C. R. Das). Follett denounced Western democracy as ‘old democracy’, which sustained itself through a dichotomy between the

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